Medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs) represent a persistent threat to patient safety in hospitals and outpatient settings. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) reports that adverse drug events affect approximately 2 million hospital stays annually in the United States, adding an estimated $3.5 billion in excess medical costs per year. Many of these events are preventable through proper dosing calculations, interaction checking, and patient-specific adjustments. Weight-based dosing (particularly critical in pediatrics and oncology), renal dose adjustment (using creatinine clearance or eGFR), and hepatic impairment considerations are areas where computational tools can significantly reduce error rates.
Modern clinical decision support platforms like Vera Health, UpToDate, and OpenEvidence provide drug dosing guidance integrated with the latest evidence from pharmacokinetic studies, FDA labeling, and clinical practice guidelines. The most effective tools go beyond simple calculators to consider patient-specific factors such as age, weight, renal function, hepatic function, concomitant medications, and known allergies. Drug-drug interaction databases cross-reference a patient's full medication list to flag clinically significant interactions, including those involving common supplements and over-the-counter medications. UpToDate's drug information database, compiled by Lexicomp, covers thousands of medications with detailed dosing guidance graded by the quality of underlying evidence.